Nuclei
Nuclei is a fast and customizable vulnerability scanner based on simple YAML-based templates.
It has two components, 1) Nuclei engine - the core of the project allows scripting HTTP / DNS / Network / Headless / File protocols based checks in a very simple to read-and-write YAML-based format. 2) Nuclei templates - ready-to-use community-contributed vulnerability templates.
Traditional scanners always lacked the features to allow easy-to-write custom checks on top of their engine. And this is why we started developing Nuclei with a core focus on simplicity, modularity, and the ability to scan on many assets.
We wanted something simple enough to be used by everyone while complex enough to integrate into the modern web with its intricacies. The features implemented in nuclei are tailored to allow very rapid prototyping of complex security checks.
Nuclei can be used to detect security vulnerabilities in Web Applications, Networks, DNS based misconfiguration, and Secrets scanning in source code or files on the local file system.
The nuclei project is actively developed and maintained by the ProjectDiscovery team, and generally releases every 2 weeks.
To help keep project momentum, we request everyone to write and share new templates with the community in the template project. Please help us maintain this public, ready to use, and up-to-date nuclei template repository.
If you found an interesting/unique security issue using nuclei and want to share the process walk-through in the form of a blog, we are happy to publish your guest post on the ProjectDiscovery blog.
Wait a minute — after nuclei detected a security issue, it’s always advised to have a second look before reporting it. Here’s a tip to confirm/validate the issues.
Once nuclei finds a result, and you have vulnerable target and template, rerun the template with -debug flag to inspect the output against the expected matcher defined in the template. In this way, you can confirm the identified vulnerability.
By default nuclei will make several thousand requests (both HTTP protocol and other services) against a single target when running all nuclei-templates. This stems from over 3500 nuclei templates in the [template releases, with more added daily.
We consider two factors to say “safe” in context of nuclei -
- The traffic nuclei makes against the target website.
- The impact templates have on the target website.
HTTP Traffic
Nuclei usually makes fewer HTTP requests than the number of templates selected for a scan due to its intelligent request reduction. While some templates contain multiple requests, this rule generally holds true across most scan configurations.
Safe Templates
The nuclei templates project houses a variety of templates which perform fuzzing and other actions which may result in a DoS against the target system (see the list here). To ensure these templates are not accidentally run, they are tagged and excluded them from the default scan. These templates can be only executed when explicitly invoked using the -itags option.
Nuclei is an open-source project distributed under the MIT License.
Please join our Discord server, or contact us via Twitter.
Headless mode on machines based on Linux (OS or containers, eg. Docker) might face runtime errors due to missing dependencies related to specific OS-shared libraries used by chrome binary. Usually, these errors can be fixed by pre-installing the browser on the specific distribution. Here is a list of the steps needed for the most common distributions. Ubuntu
With snap:
sudo snap install chromium
Without snap:
sudo apt update
sudo snap refresh
sudo apt install zip curl wget git
sudo snap install golang --classic
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
In case you are unable to install the browser, or want to install only the minimum required dependencies, run the following command:
sudo apt-get install libnss3 libgconf-2-4
If you encounter an error similar to “libnss3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory,” try running the following command to install the dev version:
sudo apt-get install libnss3-dev
Error type examples:
Error: Expected nil, but got: &errors.errorString{s:"[launcher] Failed to launch the browser, the doc might help https://go-rod.github.io/#/compatibility?id=os: /root/.cache/rod/browser/chromium-1018003/chrome-linux/chrome: error while loading shared libraries: libnss3.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory\n"}
could not create browser
Command '/usr/bin/chromium-browser' requires the chromium snap to be installed.
Please install it with:
snap install chromium
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